Oryza sativa
Season: Kharif (June-November)
Water: High (flooded fields)
Soil: Clay loam, well-drained
Common Pests:
Diseases:
Triticum aestivum
Season: Rabi (November-April)
Water: Moderate
Soil: Loamy, well-drained
Common Pests:
Diseases:
Gossypium
Season: Kharif (April-October)
Water: Moderate to high
Soil: Black cotton soil, deep
Common Pests:
Diseases:
Scirpophaga incertulas
Crop: Rice
Identification: Dead hearts in vegetative stage, white ears in reproductive stage
Organic Control: Use Trichogramma egg parasitoids, neem-based pesticides
Prevention: Remove stubbles, avoid excessive nitrogen, maintain proper water level
Helicoverpa armigera
Crop: Cotton
Identification: Holes in bolls, larvae feeding inside
Organic Control: Use NPV (Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus), neem oil spray
Prevention: Intercropping with marigold, pheromone traps, crop rotation
Aphis spp.
Crop: Wheat, Cotton, Vegetables
Identification: Small green/black insects on leaves and stems, sticky honeydew
Organic Control: Spray neem oil, introduce ladybugs, use soap solution
Prevention: Avoid over-fertilization, maintain field hygiene, use reflective mulch
Magnaporthe oryzae
Crop: Rice
Symptoms: Diamond-shaped lesions on leaves, neck rot
Management: Use resistant varieties, apply Tricyclazole fungicide
Prevention: Balanced fertilization, avoid water stress, proper spacing
Puccinia spp.
Crop: Wheat
Symptoms: Orange-brown pustules on leaves and stems
Management: Use resistant varieties, apply fungicides like Propiconazole
Prevention: Early sowing, remove volunteer plants, crop rotation